Voltage and current sources: independent, dependent, ideal and practical; v-i relationships of resistor, inductor, mutual inductor and capacitor; transient analysis of RLC circuits with dc excitation. Kirchoff's laws, mesh and nodal analysis, superposition, Thevenin, Norton, maximum power transfer and reciprocity theorems

Peak-, average- and rms values of ac quantities; apparent-, active- and reactive powers; phasor analysis, impedance and admittance; series and parallel resonance, locus diagrams, realization of basic filters with R, L and C elements. One-port and two-port networks, driving point impedance and admittance, open-, and short circuit parameters.

Periodic, aperiodic and impulse signals; Laplace, Fourier and; transfer function, frequency response of first and second order linear time invariant systems, impulse response of systems; convolution, correlation.

Discrete time system: impulse response, frequency response, pulse transfer function; z-transforms; DFT and FFT; basics of IIR and FIR filters.

Feedback principles, signal flow graphs, transient response, steady-state-errors, Routh criteria, root loci.

Nyquist criteria, Bode plot; design of lead, lag and lead-lag compensators, state-space representation of systems; time-delay systems.

Mechanical, hydraulic and pneumatic system components, synchropair, servo and stepper motors, servo valves; on-off, P, P-I, P-I-D, cascade, feedforward, and ratio controllers.

Characteristics and applications of diode, Zener diode, BJT and MOSFET; small signal analysis of transistor circuits, feedback amplifiers; voltage controlled oscillators and phase locked loop.

Feedback amplifiers characteristics of operational amplifiers; applications of opamps: difference amplifier, adder, subtractor, integrator, differentiator, instrumentation amplifier, active filters and other circuits. Oscillators, signal generators (Schmitt trigger, multi-vibrators,).

Basics of number systems, Combinational logic circuits, minimization of Boolean functions. IC families: TTL and CMOS. Arithmetic circuits, comparators, sequential circuits, flipflops, shift registers, timers and counters; sample-and-hold circuit, multiplexer.

analog-todigital (successive approximation, integrating, flash and sigma-delta) and digital-toanalog converters (weighted R, R-2R ladder and current steering logic). Characteristics of ADC and DAC (resolution, quantization, significant bits, conversion/settling time) 8-bit microprocessor and microcontroller: applications, memory and input-output interfacing; basics of data acquisition systems.

SI units, systematic and random errors in measurement, expression of uncertainty - accuracy and precision index, propagation of errors. PMMC, MI and dynamometer type instruments; dc potentiometer; Measurement of voltage and current.

bridges for measurement of R, L and C, Q-meter; power measurement in single and three phase circuits; ac and dc current probes; true rms meters, voltage and current scaling, instrument transformers, timer/counter, time, phase and frequency measurements, digital voltmeter, digital multimeter; oscilloscope, shielding and grounding.

Resistive-, capacitive-, inductive-, piezoelectric-, Hall effect sensors and associated signal conditioning circuits.

Transducers for industrial instrumentation: displacement (linear and angular), velocity, acceleration, force, torque, vibration, shock, liquid level and pH measurement; conductivity and viscosity measurement.

Pressure measurement (including low pressure), flow measurement (differential pressure, variable area, electromagnetic, ultrasonic, turbine and open channel flow meters) temperature measurement (thermocouple, bolometer, RTD (3/4 wire), thermistor, pyrometer and semiconductor).

Amplitude- and frequency modulation and demodulation; Shannon's sampling theorem.

Pulse code modulation; frequency and time division multiplexing, amplitude-, phase-, frequency-, pulse shift keying for digital modulation.

Basics of fiber optic sensing; interferometer: applications in metrology.

Optical sources and detectors: LED, laser, photo-diode, light dependent resistor and their characteristics

Linear Algebra, Calculus, Differential Equations.

Vector Analysis, Complex Analysis, Numerical Methods, Probability and Statistics.

Verbal Ability and Reasoning

Numerical Ability